Bash / Shell

Strings

Extract a substring

output="${input:$position}"
output="${input:$position:$length}"

Replace the first match of $substring with $replacement

output="${input/$substring/$replacement}"

Replace all the matches of $substring with $replacement

output="${input//$substring/$replacement}"

Remove shortest match of $substring from front of $input

output="${input#$substring}"

Remove longest match of $substring from front of $input

output="${input##$substring}"

Remove shortest match of $substring from back of $input

output="${input%$substring}"

Remove longest match of $substring from back of $input

output="${input%%$substring}"

Remove leading white space (left trim)

output="${input#${input%%[![:space:]]*}}"

Remove trailing white space (right trim)

output="${input%${input##*[![:space:]]}}"

Check if a regular file exists

test -f "$file"

File test operators

Expression	What does it check?
`-e`	If file exists
`-f`	If file exists and is a regular file
`-d`	If file exists and is a directory
`-r`	If file exists and is readable
`-w`	If file exists and is writable
`-x`	If file exists and is executable
`-s`	If file exists and its size is greater than zero

Remove filename extension

output="${file%.*}"

Merge and log stdout and stderr in a file:

your_program 2>&1 | tee -a log.txt

Unbuffered version:

unbuffer your_program | tee -a log.txt

Press Ctrl+Z. This suspends the process and puts it in the background. You can restore it with fg.
Run kill -9 %1. Replace 1 with the number displayed previously (e.g. 2 for [2]+).